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Central America: Economic Progress and Reforms »
Source: Central America : Economic Progress and Reforms
Series: Departmental Papers / Policy Papers
Author(s): Dominique Desruelle , and Alfred Schipke
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 24 November 2008
ISBN: 9781589067653
Keywords: customs, social spending, common, customs union, capital markets
Central America has made substantial progress in recent years in moving economic reforms forward and deepening regional and global integration. As result of these efforts, the region has experienced higher growth,...
chapter 1 Introduction and Overview »
Source: Central America : Economic Progress and Reforms
Series: Departmental Papers / Policy Papers
Author(s): Dominique Desruelle , and Alfred Schipke
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 24 November 2008
ISBN: 9781589067653
Keywords: customs, social spending, common, customs union, capital markets
Central America 1 has made substantial progress over the past years in moving economic reforms forward and deepening regional and global integration. As a result, Central America...
chapter 2 Moving Forward with Economic Integration »
Source: Central America : Economic Progress and Reforms
Series: Departmental Papers / Policy Papers
Author(s): Dominique Desruelle , and Alfred Schipke
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 24 November 2008
ISBN: 9781589067653
Keywords: customs, social spending, common, customs union, capital markets
Introduction Central America appears to be an ideal candidate for economic integration. Despite differences in economic development, the countries share a common language, history, c...
chapter 3 Central America’s Regional Trends and U.S. Cycles »
Source: Central America : Economic Progress and Reforms
Series: Departmental Papers / Policy Papers
Author(s): Dominique Desruelle , and Alfred Schipke
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 24 November 2008
ISBN: 9781589067653
Keywords: customs, social spending, common, customs union, capital markets
Introduction The economies of Central America share a close relationship with the United States, with considerable comovement of GDP growth over a long period of time. The open natur...
chapter 4 Equity and Fiscal Policy: Income Distribution Effects of Taxation and Social Spending »
Source: Central America : Economic Progress and Reforms
Series: Departmental Papers / Policy Papers
Author(s): Dominique Desruelle , and Alfred Schipke
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 24 November 2008
ISBN: 9781589067653
Keywords: customs, social spending, common, customs union, capital markets
Introduction Central America’s high levels of poverty and income inequality place the distributional effects of fiscal policy at the center of policy dialogue. Central American gover...
chapter 5 Central American Customs Union and Challenges for Tax and Customs Administration »
Source: Central America : Economic Progress and Reforms
Series: Departmental Papers / Policy Papers
Author(s): Dominique Desruelle , and Alfred Schipke
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 24 November 2008
ISBN: 9781589067653
Keywords: customs, social spending, common, customs union, capital markets
Introduction In December 2007, the governments of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua signed the Framework Agreement for the Establishment of the Central Amer...
chapter 6 Financial Sector Development: Equity and Private Debt Markets1 »
Source: Central America : Economic Progress and Reforms
Series: Departmental Papers / Policy Papers
Author(s): Dominique Desruelle , and Alfred Schipke
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 24 November 2008
ISBN: 9781589067653
Keywords: customs, social spending, common, customs union, capital markets
Introduction Banks and their affiliates dominate the financial system. While growing rapidly, financial intermediation in Central America continues to take place mainly through the b...
Energy Subsidies and Public Social Spending »
Source: Energy Subsidies and Public Social Spending : Theory and Evidence
Volume/Issue: 2015/101
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Christian Ebeke , and Constant Lonkeng Ngouana
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 06 May 2015
ISBN: 9781475580747
Keywords: Energy subsidies, Public social spending, Causality, subsidy, tax, energy subsidy, Cross-Sectional Models, Single Equation Models: Single Variables: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation, Causality.,
This paper shows that high energy subsidies and low public social spending can emerge as an equilibrium outcome of a political game between the elite and the middle-class when the provision of public goods is subje...
The Macroeconomic Effects of Labor and Product Market Reforms in Morocco »
Source: The Macroeconomic Effects of Labor and Product Market Reforms in Morocco
Volume/Issue: 2019/222
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Babacar Sarr , Mokhtar Benlamine , and Zsuzsa Munkacsi
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 11 October 2019
ISBN: 9781513513768
Keywords: Access to foreign markets, Bankruptcy, Banks, Basket of currency peg, Capital, Capital accumulation, Capital flows, Capital formation, Commodity markets, Commodity prices
This paper studies the macroeconomic effects and sequencing of (LMRs) and product (PMRs) market reforms in Morocco. It finds that introducing LMRs and PMRs simultaneously would add about 2.5 percentage points (pp)...
Fiscal Buffers for Natural Disasters in Pacific Island Countries1 »
Source: Fiscal Buffers for Natural Disasters in Pacific Island Countries
Volume/Issue: 2019/152
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Hidetaka Nishizawa , Scott Roger , and Huan Zhang
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 12 July 2019
ISBN: 9781498320801
Keywords: Access to foreign markets, Accounting, Accounting standards, Agriculture, Aid flows, Balance of payments, Bank deposits, Bank financing, Banks, Bonds
Pacific island countries (PICs) are vulnerable severe natural disasters, especially cyclones, inflicting large losses on their economies. In the aftermath of disasters, PIC governments face revenue losses and spend...