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Public Expenditure Policy and the Environment »
Source: Public Expenditure Policy and the Environment : A Review and Synthesis
Volume/Issue: 1993/27
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Kenneth M. Miranda , Ian Parry , and Sanjeev Gupta
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 March 1993
ISBN: 9781451844443
Keywords: Environment, Government expenditures, Subsidies, subsidy, environmental degradation, environmental policy
Commonly cited environmental instruments in the legal, regulatory, and fiscal domains are intended primarily to address market failures to ensure that environmental degradation and resource use is contained to appr...
How Large Are Global Energy Subsidies? »
Source: How Large Are Global Energy Subsidies?
Volume/Issue: 2015/105
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): David Coady , Ian Parry , Louis Sears , and Baoping Shang
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 18 May 2015
ISBN: 9781513532196
Keywords: energy subsidies, efficient taxation, deadweight loss, revenue, subsidies, tax, vehicle, traffic, subsidy, Demand and Supply
This paper provides a comprehensive, updated picture of energy subsidies at the global and regional levels. It focuses on the broad notion of post-tax energy subsidies, which arise when consumer prices are below su...
Excerpt : Commodity Price Volatility and Inclusive Growth in Low-Income Countries »
Series: Miscellaneous Publication (Other)
Author(s): Min Zhu
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 20 September 2012
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/CPVIEAEX.073
ISBN: CPVIEAEX
Keywords: Agricultural sector, Balance of trade, Central banking, Central banks, Civil society, Commodities, Commodity price shocks, Commodity prices, Consumption, Credit
In the years following the global financial crisis, many low-income countries experienced rapid recovery and strong economic growth. However, many are now facing enormous difficulties because of rapidly rising food...
Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates »
Source: Global Fossil Fuel Subsidies Remain Large: An Update Based on Country-Level Estimates
Volume/Issue: 2019/89
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): David Coady , Ian Parry , Nghia-Piotr Le , and Baoping Shang
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 02 May 2019
ISBN: 9781484393178
Keywords: Gasoline prices, Consumer subsidies, Sustainable development, Energy prices, Fossil fuels, energy subsidies, efficient taxation, revenue, environment, deadweight loss
This paper updates estimates of fossil fuel subsidies, defined as fuel consumption times the gap between existing and efficient prices (i.e., prices warranted by supply costs, environmental costs, and revenue consi...
Energy Subsidies and Public Social Spending »
Source: Energy Subsidies and Public Social Spending : Theory and Evidence
Volume/Issue: 2015/101
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Christian Ebeke , and Constant Lonkeng Ngouana
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 06 May 2015
ISBN: 9781475580747
Keywords: Energy subsidies, Public social spending, Causality, subsidy, tax, energy subsidy, Cross-Sectional Models, Single Equation Models: Single Variables: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation, Causality.,
This paper shows that high energy subsidies and low public social spending can emerge as an equilibrium outcome of a political game between the elite and the middle-class when the provision of public goods is subje...
Energy Subsidy Reform - Lessons and Implications »
Source: Energy Subsidy Reform - Lessons and Implications
Volume/Issue: 2013/004
Series: Policy Papers
Author(s): International Monetary Fund
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 28 January 2013
ISBN: 9781498342391
Keywords: Energy sector, Energy taxes, Fiscal reforms, Subsidies, Social safety nets, Consumer subsidies, Economic growth, Government expenditures, Oil exporting countries, energy subsidy
Energy subsidies have wide-ranging economic consequences. While aimed at protecting consumers, subsidies aggravate fiscal imbalances, crowd-out priority public spending, and depress private investment, including in...
Appendix B. Assessing the Environmental and Health Impacts of Energy Subsidy Reform »
Source: Energy Subsidy Reform : Lessons and Implications
Series: Books
Author(s): Benedict Clements , David Coady , Stefania Fabrizio , Sanjeev Gupta , Trevor Alleyne , and Carlo Sdralevich
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 13 September 2013
ISBN: 9781475558111
Keywords: prices, electricity, pricing, electricity sector, electricity subsidies
This appendix describes the methodologies used to provide calculations of the impact of energy subsidy reform on CO2 emissions, SO2 emissions, and other local pollutants. Here we consider a scenario in which...
Appendix A. Estimating Pretax and Posttax Global Energy Subsidies »
Source: Energy Subsidy Reform : Lessons and Implications
Series: Books
Author(s): Benedict Clements , David Coady , Stefania Fabrizio , Sanjeev Gupta , Trevor Alleyne , and Carlo Sdralevich
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 13 September 2013
ISBN: 9781475558111
Keywords: prices, electricity, pricing, electricity sector, electricity subsidies
This appendix describes the data sources and methodologies used for the estimation of subsidies for petroleum products, coal, natural gas, and electricity. Pretax Subsidies...
Chapter 2. Defining and Measuring Energy Subsidies »
Source: Energy Subsidy Reform : Lessons and Implications
Series: Books
Author(s): Benedict Clements , David Coady , Stefania Fabrizio , Sanjeev Gupta , Trevor Alleyne , and Carlo Sdralevich
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 13 September 2013
ISBN: 9781475558111
Keywords: prices, electricity, pricing, electricity sector, electricity subsidies
Definition and Measurement Energy subsidies comprise both consumer and producer subsidies. Consumer subsidies arise when the prices paid by consumers, including both firms (intermedi...
Chapter 4. Reforming Energy Subsidies: Lessons from Experience »
Source: Energy Subsidy Reform : Lessons and Implications
Series: Books
Author(s): Benedict Clements , David Coady , Stefania Fabrizio , Sanjeev Gupta , Trevor Alleyne , and Carlo Sdralevich
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 13 September 2013
ISBN: 9781475558111
Keywords: prices, electricity, pricing, electricity sector, electricity subsidies
Overview This chapter provides insights from country case studies to identify ingredients for successful subsidy reform. The country case studies include both successful and unsucces...