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How Macroeconomic Factors Affect Income Distribution »
Source: How Macroeconomic Factors Affect Income Distribution : The Cross-Country Evidence
Volume/Issue: 1997/152
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Michael Sarel
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 November 1997
ISBN: 9781451922714
Keywords: income distribution, macroeconomic factors, terms of trade, external position, income distribution data, distribution of income
This study develops a cross-section empirical framework to examine the relationship between the macroeconomic environment and trends in income distribution. The macroeconomic variables that are found to be associat...
Bond Restructuring and Moral Hazard »
Source: Bond Restructuring and Moral Hazard : Are Collective Action Clauses Costly?
Volume/Issue: 2001/92
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Torbjorn Becker , Anthony Richards , and Yunyong Thaicharoen
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 August 2001
ISBN: 9781451851595
Keywords: Bond restructuring, contract design, law, bonds, bond, bondholders, International Lending and Debt Problems,
Many official groups have endorsed the wider use by emerging market borrowers of contract clauses which allow for a qualified majority of bondholders to restructure repayment terms in the event of financial distres...
The Effect of Capital Controlson Foreign Direct Investment Decisions Under Country Risk with Intangible Assets »
Source: The Effect of Capital Controlson Foreign Direct Investment Decisions Under Country Risk with Intangible Assets
Volume/Issue: 2007/79
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Kinga Elo
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 April 2007
ISBN: 9781451866438
Keywords: Foreign direct investments, decisions under uncertainty, fdi, capital control, direct investment, foreign direct investment, General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation, Corporate Finance and Governance: Government Policy and Regulation,
This paper examines how capital controls affect FDI decisions and how the impact of these restrictive measures varies with different levels of country risk. We construct a model of firms' FDI decisions, broadly in...
What Causes Firms to Hide Output? the Determinants of Informality »
Source: What Causes Firms to Hide Output? the Determinants of Informality
Volume/Issue: 2005/160
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Gabriela Inchauste , Mark Gradstein , and Era Dabla-Norris
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 August 2005
ISBN: 9781451861792
Keywords: determinants, institutions, survey, business environment, regulatory burden, probability, firm size, Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm, Education: Other, institution,
In many developing countries, a significant part of economic activity takes place in the informal sector. Earlier work has examined the determinants of the size of the informal sector, focusing separately on factor...
Monetary Transmission in Low Income Countries »
Source: Monetary Transmission in Low Income Countries
Volume/Issue: 2010/223
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Peter Montiel , Antonio Spilimbergo , and Prachi Mishra
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 October 2010
ISBN: 9781455208883
Keywords: exchange rate, interest rate, institutions, bank lending, monetary transmission, central bank, government securities, Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development,
This paper reviews monetary transmission mechanisms in low-income countries (LICs) to identify aspects of the channels that may operate differently in LICs relative to advanced and emerging economies. Given the wea...
Offshore Banking »
Source: Offshore Banking : An Analysis of Micro- and Macro-Prudential Issues
Volume/Issue: 1999/5
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Luca Errico , and Alberto Musalem Borrero
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 January 1999
ISBN: 9781451842166
Keywords: Offshore Banking, Cross-Border Capital Flows, Banking Problems, Financial Crises, Prudential Regulations, Banking Supervision, banking, offshore banks, consolidated supervision, supervisory authorities
The paper takes a closer look at offshore banking—a pervasive practice that has played a role in recent crises. Offshore banking is an increasingly attractive alternative to the sometimes heavily regulated f...
Taxation of Petroleum Products »
Source: Taxation of Petroleum Products : Theory and Empirical Evidence
Volume/Issue: 1994/32
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Poonam Gupta , and Walter Mahler
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 March 1994
ISBN: 9781451979756
Keywords: petroleum products, fuel oil, automotive diesel, heavy fuel oil, petroleum prices
The domestic taxation of petroleum products is an important source of revenue in most countries. However, there is a wide variation of tax rates on petroleum products across countries, which cannot be explained by...
Informality and Regulations »
Source: Informality and Regulations : What Drives Firm Growth?
Volume/Issue: 2007/112
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Era Dabla-Norris , and Gabriela Inchauste
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 May 2007
ISBN: 9781451866766
Keywords: Firm growth, informality, business environment, Transition countries, regulatory burden, survey, organized crime, correlation, standard errors,
The paper relies on a rich firm-level data set on transition economies to examine the role of informality as an important channel through which regulatory and other policy constraints affect firm growth. We find th...
How Large Are Global Energy Subsidies? »
Source: How Large Are Global Energy Subsidies?
Volume/Issue: 2015/105
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): David Coady , Ian Parry , Louis Sears , and Baoping Shang
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 18 May 2015
ISBN: 9781513532196
Keywords: energy subsidies, efficient taxation, deadweight loss, revenue, subsidies, tax, vehicle, traffic, subsidy, Demand and Supply
This paper provides a comprehensive, updated picture of energy subsidies at the global and regional levels. It focuses on the broad notion of post-tax energy subsidies, which arise when consumer prices are below su...
Spillovers of Domestic Shocks »
Source: Spillovers of Domestic Shocks : Will They Counteract the 'Great Moderation'?
Volume/Issue: 2010/78
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s): Ashoka Mody , and Alina Carare
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date: 01 March 2010
ISBN: 9781451982213
Keywords: Output growth volatility, vertical specialization, output growth, domestic shocks, global trade,
Even prior to the extreme volatility just observed, output growth volatility-following protracted decline-was flattening or mildly rising in some countries. More widespread was an increasing tendency from the mid-1...