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Bhutan

Bhutan »

Article

Source: Bhutan : Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

Volume/Issue: 2010/180

Series: IMF Staff Country Reports

Author(s): International Monetary Fund

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 30 June 2010

ISBN: 9781455207381

Keywords: education, youth, literacy, teachers, human development

Bhutan has evolved from a closed economy to a trading nation that exhibits a high degree of dependence on trade. Exports have grown rapidly but overall the country's trade deficit continues to widen owing to an eve...

Bhutan : Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

Bhutan : Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper »

Journal Issue

Volume/Issue: 2010/180

Series: IMF Staff Country Reports

Author(s): International Monetary Fund

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 30 June 2010

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781455207381.002

ISBN: 9781455207381

Keywords: education, youth, literacy, teachers, human development

Bhutan has evolved from a closed economy to a trading nation that exhibits a high degree of dependence on trade. Exports have grown rapidly but overall the country's trade deficit continues to widen owing to an eve...

Tenth Five Year Plan [2008-2013] Vol.II: Programme Profiles

Tenth Five Year Plan [2008-2013] Vol.II: Programme Profiles »

Article

Source: Bhutan : Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

Volume/Issue: 2010/180

Series: IMF Staff Country Reports

Author(s): International Monetary Fund

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 30 June 2010

ISBN: 9781455207381

Keywords: education, youth, literacy, teachers, human development

Bhutan has evolved from a closed economy to a trading nation that exhibits a high degree of dependence on trade. Exports have grown rapidly but overall the country's trade deficit continues to widen owing to an eve...

International Environmental Taxation in the Absence of Sovereignty

International Environmental Taxation in the Absence of Sovereignty »

Article

Source: International Environmental Taxation in the Absence of Sovereignty

Volume/Issue: 1992/104

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Bernard Herber

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 December 1992

ISBN: 9781451947847

Keywords: environmental externalities, environment, global environment facility, carbon tax, global warming

Traditional public finance theory may be applied to the internalization of international environmental externalities. The policy constraint imposed by the absence of sovereign international government may be partia...

Taxation of Petroleum Products

Taxation of Petroleum Products »

Article

Source: Taxation of Petroleum Products : Theory and Empirical Evidence

Volume/Issue: 1994/32

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Poonam Gupta , and Walter Mahler

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 March 1994

ISBN: 9781451979756

Keywords: petroleum products, fuel oil, automotive diesel, heavy fuel oil, petroleum prices

The domestic taxation of petroleum products is an important source of revenue in most countries. However, there is a wide variation of tax rates on petroleum products across countries, which cannot be explained by...

Energy Subsidies and Public Social Spending

Energy Subsidies and Public Social Spending »

Article

Source: Energy Subsidies and Public Social Spending : Theory and Evidence

Volume/Issue: 2015/101

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Christian Ebeke , and Constant Lonkeng Ngouana

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 06 May 2015

ISBN: 9781475580747

Keywords: Energy subsidies, Public social spending, Causality, subsidy, tax, energy subsidy, Cross-Sectional Models, Single Equation Models: Single Variables: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation, Causality.,

This paper shows that high energy subsidies and low public social spending can emerge as an equilibrium outcome of a political game between the elite and the middle-class when the provision of public goods is subje...

Financial Deepening, Property Rights and Poverty

Financial Deepening, Property Rights and Poverty »

Article

Source: Financial Deepening, Property Rights and Poverty : Evidence From Sub-Saharan Africa

Volume/Issue: 2011/196

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Yifei Huang , and Raju Singh

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 August 2011

ISBN: 9781462305230

Keywords: financial development, property rights, dependent variable, gini coefficient, descriptive statistics, Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development, Financial Economics: General,

Recent studies on the relationship between financial development and poverty have been inconclusive. Some claim that, by allowing more entrepreneurs to obtain financing, financial development improves the allocatio...

Weathering the Storm So Far

Weathering the Storm So Far »

Article

Source: Weathering the Storm So Far : The Impact of the 2003-05 Oil Shock on Low-Income Countries

Volume/Issue: 2006/171

Series: IMF Working Papers

Author(s): Helaway Tadesse , Mark Lewis , Jörg Zeuner , James John , Luzmaria Monasi , and Paolo Dudine

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 01 July 2006

ISBN: 9781451864311

Keywords: adjustment, fiscal, quasi-fiscal, pass-through, low-income country, IMF financing, oil imports, oil importers, National Deficit Surplus, Energy and the Macroeconomy

This paper examines the impact of the 2003-05 oil price increase on the balance of payments positions and IMF financing needs of low-income country oil importers. It finds that stronger exports reflecting favorable...

Article III

Article III »

Chapter

Source: Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund, Thirty-Sixth Issue : Thirty-Sixth Issue

Series: Selected Decisions

Author(s): International Monetary Fund

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 20 July 2012

ISBN: 9781616353889

Keywords: payments, debt, obligations, external debt, balance of payments

Quotas and Subscriptions Adjustment of Quotas The first interval of five years, at the end of which the Fund shall review the quotas of the members in...

Article V, Section 12(f)

Article V, Section 12(f) »

Chapter

Source: Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund, Thirty-Sixth Issue : Thirty-Sixth Issue

Series: Selected Decisions

Author(s): International Monetary Fund

Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND

Publication Date: 20 July 2012

ISBN: 9781616353889

Keywords: payments, debt, obligations, external debt, balance of payments

Special Disbursement Account Special Disbursement Account: Investment 1. The Managing Director is authorized to invest a member’s currency held in the...